Jazz originated in early 20th century New Orleans, blending African rhythms, European harmonies, and blues. Afro Jazz emerged by incorporating African traditional instruments, polyrhythms, and call-and-response patterns into jazz improvisation. Ethio Jazz, pioneered by Mulatu Astatke in the 1960s, fuses Ethiopian pentatonic scales and traditional instruments with jazz structures, creating a distinctive sound that bridges African musical heritage with American jazz innovation.